Optimal Energy Management Strategy Including Battery Health through Thermal Management for Hybrid Vehicles

The paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) taking into account battery health through an additional soft constraint on battery internal temperature, considered as one of the prime factors influencing battery aging. Battery cell temperature is modeled and considered as a second state constraint with the state of energy (SOE) in the optimization problem solved on-line using the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Simulation results are presented to highlight the contribution of the strategy including battery thermal management compared to the standard approach.